Psychiatrist For Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

What is ADHD?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects a person’s ability to focus, control impulses, and manage behavior. It is one of the most researched childhood disorders, but its effects often persist into adulthood. ADHD results from differences in brain structure, neural networks, and neurotransmitter activity, which can impact emotional regulation, organization, and decision-making.

ADHD is a long-term condition that requires tailored management to minimize complications. Left untreated, it can disrupt daily life, relationships, and academic or work performance. However, effective treatment options exist to help individuals thrive.

How Common is ADHD?

ADHD is one of the most prevalent developmental disorders globally. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 11% of U.S. children aged 2 to 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD. Worldwide, about 7.2% of children are affected.

Boys are diagnosed more frequently than girls, primarily because their symptoms often include hyperactivity, making them more noticeable. In contrast, girls are more likely to exhibit inattentive symptoms, which can lead to underdiagnosis.

Types of ADHD

ADHD can present in different ways based on the symptoms. Healthcare providers classify ADHD into the following types:

• Inattentive Presentation: Previously called ADD, this type primarily involves difficulty with focus, organization, and task completion. Hyperactivity and impulsivity are minimal or absent.
• Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation: Characterized by restlessness, excessive energy, and impulsive behaviors, this type often includes fidgeting, excessive talking, and difficulty waiting for turns.
• Combined Presentation: This is the most common type, involving significant symptoms of both inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity.
• Unspecified Presentation: In some cases, symptoms are severe but don’t fit the diagnostic criteria for any specific type. These cases are classified as unspecified ADHD.

Symptoms of ADHD

The symptoms of ADHD can vary depending on the type but must persist for at least six months and affect multiple aspects of life, such as school, work, or home. Providers use guidelines from the DSM-5 to diagnose ADHD.

Inattentive Symptoms:

• Difficulty focusing on tasks or activities.
• Frequent careless mistakes.
• Daydreaming or appearing distracted.
• Frequently losing essential items.
• Trouble following instructions or finishing assignments.

Hyperactive-Impulsive Symptoms:

• Constant fidgeting or squirming.
• Difficulty staying seated in appropriate situations.
• Interrupting conversations or speaking out of turn.
• Excessive talking or seeming “on the go.”
• Engaging in activities without considering consequences.

Causes of ADHD

The exact cause of ADHD remains unknown, but researchers believe it is influenced by a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. Key contributors include:

• Brain Development: Differences in the frontal lobe, responsible for attention and decision-making, are common in individuals with ADHD.
• Neurotransmitter Imbalance: Irregularities in chemicals like dopamine can affect communication between brain cells.
• Genetics: ADHD often runs in families, with children having a higher likelihood of ADHD if a parent has the condition.
• Environmental Risks: Exposure to toxins during pregnancy, low birth weight, or premature birth may increase the risk of ADHD.

Contrary to common myths, ADHD is not caused by poor parenting, high sugar intake, or excessive screen time.

Complications of ADHD

Without proper treatment, ADHD can lead to significant challenges, including:

• Low self-esteem and difficulty maintaining relationships.
• Underperformance in school or work settings.
• Increased risk of anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders.
• Engaging in risky or impulsive behaviors.

Diagnosing ADHD

There is no single test to diagnose ADHD. Instead, healthcare providers rely on observations and reports from parents, teachers, and caregivers. A thorough evaluation includes:

• Reviewing medical history and behavior patterns.
• Assessing symptoms in multiple settings (e.g., home, school).
• Using standardized guidelines from the DSM-5.

For adults, diagnosis often involves a detailed review of childhood behavior and interviews with close family members or partners.

Treatment for ADHD

Effective management of ADHD typically involves a combination of behavioral therapy and medication. Treatment plans are personalized to the individual’s needs.

Behavioral Therapy:

• Parent Training: Strategies to help parents reinforce positive behaviors.
• Social Skills Training: Teaching children how to interact effectively with others.
• Executive Function Training: Improving organization and time management skills.

Medications:

• Stimulants: The most common and effective treatment, improving focus and reducing hyperactivity.
• Non-Stimulants: Used when stimulants are ineffective or cause side effects.
• Antidepressants: Occasionally prescribed to address co-occurring symptoms like anxiety or depression.

Can ADHD Be Prevented?

While ADHD itself cannot be prevented, reducing exposure to risk factors during pregnancy, such as avoiding alcohol and smoking, may lower the likelihood of developing the condition.

Living with ADHD

ADHD is a lifelong condition, but with the right support, individuals can lead fulfilling lives. Here are some tips for managing ADHD:

• Maintain a consistent daily routine to build structure.
• Encourage physical activity to reduce stress and improve focus.
• Use tools like planners and checklists for organization.
• Reinforce positive behaviors with praise and rewards.

FAQs About ADHD

Is ADHD a Disability?

Yes, ADHD is recognized as a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), allowing individuals to access accommodations in school or the workplace.

What Are the Strengths of Individuals with ADHD?

Many individuals with ADHD possess unique strengths, such as creativity, high energy, and strong problem-solving skills, which can be valuable assets in the right environment.

Why Is ADHD Often Underdiagnosed in Girls?

Girls with ADHD are more likely to exhibit inattentive symptoms, which are less noticeable than hyperactivity. This can lead to delayed or missed diagnoses.

When To See A Psychiatrist for Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

If you or a loved one struggle with focus, impulsivity, or hyperactivity that disrupts daily life, seeking professional help is crucial. At PsychBright Health in Los Angeles, our experienced psychiatrists provide compassionate and tailored care for ADHD, helping you achieve balance and improve your quality of life. Don’t let ADHD hold you back—schedule an appointment with us today and take control of your mental health.